Preheat the oven. Set to 375°F (190°C). Lightly butter a baking dish or line it with parchment for easy cleanup.
Prep the pears. Wash, halve lengthwise, and use a spoon or melon baller to remove the core and stem fibers.
Keep the peel on for texture and to help the pears hold their shape.
Arrange in the dish. Place the pears cut-side up. Add water or apple cider to the dish to create steam and keep the pears moist.
Mix the drizzle. In a small bowl, stir together melted butter, maple syrup (or honey), cinnamon, nutmeg, vanilla, and a pinch of salt.
Brush and fill. Spoon the mixture over the pears, letting some pool in the cored centers. If using nuts, sprinkle them into the centers so they toast as the pears bake.
Bake. Cook for 25–35 minutes, depending on the size and firmness of your pears.
They’re done when a knife slides in easily and the edges are lightly caramelized.
Baste once or twice. Halfway through, spoon pan juices over the pears for extra flavor and shine.
Serve warm. Add a dollop of Greek yogurt or a scoop of vanilla ice cream, and drizzle any remaining pan syrup over the top.