Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 350°F (175°C).
Lightly grease an 8-inch square baking dish or a similar 2-quart dish.
Mix the blueberry filling: In a large bowl, combine blueberries, sweetener, lemon juice, lemon zest, arrowroot, vanilla, and a pinch of salt. Toss gently until the berries are coated and the starch looks absorbed. Pour the mixture into the prepared dish and spread evenly.
Whisk the dry topping: In another bowl, whisk almond flour, protein powder, oats (if using), coconut sugar, cinnamon, and salt to break up any clumps.
Cut in the fat: Add cold butter or coconut oil in small pieces.
Use your fingers or a pastry cutter to work it into the dry mix until it forms coarse crumbs with some larger clumps. Stir in vanilla. If the mixture seems dusty, add milk a tablespoon at a time to create pebble-like clusters.
Assemble: Sprinkle the crumble evenly over the blueberries.
Aim for an even layer with a few larger clumps for texture.
Bake: Bake for 30–38 minutes, until the topping is golden and the filling is bubbling around the edges. If using frozen berries, it may take a few extra minutes.
Rest and serve: Let it cool for at least 10–15 minutes so the juices thicken. Serve warm as-is, with a dollop of Greek yogurt, or with a small scoop of vanilla ice cream.