Preheat and prep: Heat the oven to 425°F (220°C).
Line a large baking sheet with parchment for easy cleanup, or lightly oil the pan.
Prep the Brussels sprouts: Trim the ends and cut sprouts in half, especially if they’re large. Pat them dry so they roast instead of steam.
Toss the sprouts: In a bowl, mix Brussels sprouts with 1–2 tablespoons olive oil, salt, and pepper. Add a pinch of red pepper flakes if you like heat.
Spread them cut-side down on half of the baking sheet.
Make the herb mixture: In a small bowl, combine minced garlic, chopped herbs, lemon zest, 1–2 tablespoons olive oil, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and several grinds of black pepper. Stir to form a loose paste.
Season the chicken: Pat the chicken dry. Rub the herb mixture all over both sides.
If using, dot with a little butter on top for extra richness.
Arrange on the pan: Place the chicken on the other half of the baking sheet. Leave space between pieces so air can circulate and everything browns well.
Roast: Bake for 18–22 minutes, depending on thickness. The Brussels sprouts should be deeply golden on the cut sides, and the chicken should reach an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).
Finish with lemon: Remove the pan and drizzle the chicken and sprouts with fresh lemon juice.
Toss the sprouts gently; sprinkle with Parmesan if using.
Rest and serve: Let the chicken rest for 5 minutes to stay juicy. Slice and plate with a generous scoop of roasted sprouts.