Cook the pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta until just shy of al dente, 1–2 minutes less than package directions.
Drain and set aside.
Preheat the oven: Set to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Make the garlic roux: In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the garlic and cook 30–60 seconds until fragrant, not browned.
Build the sauce: Whisk in the flour and cook 1 minute.
Slowly whisk in the chicken broth until smooth. Add the cream and bring to a gentle simmer. Cook 3–4 minutes, stirring, until slightly thickened.
Season and cheese it up: Stir in Parmesan, Italian seasoning, onion powder, and red pepper flakes if using.
Taste and season with salt and black pepper. The sauce should be well-seasoned and garlicky.
Combine: In a large bowl, mix the cooked pasta, chicken, and mozzarella. Pour the sauce over and toss to coat evenly.
Assemble the casserole: Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish.
Smooth the top. Sprinkle with a little extra Parmesan.
Make the topping: In a small bowl, mix panko with olive oil (or melted butter) and a pinch of salt. Scatter evenly over the casserole.
Bake: Bake for 18–22 minutes, until bubbling around the edges and the topping is golden brown.
Rest and garnish: Let it rest 5 minutes.
Sprinkle with chopped parsley and serve warm.