Prep your base. Warm 2–3 tablespoons of olive oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Add the onion, carrot, and celery with a pinch of salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables soften and the onions turn translucent, about 6–8 minutes.
Layer the aromatics. Stir in the red bell pepper and cook for 2–3 minutes. Add the garlic and cook just until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Don’t let it brown.
Toast the spices. Add cumin, smoked paprika, oregano, and red pepper flakes. Toast for 30–60 seconds, stirring, to release their oils and deepen the flavor.
Build the tomato base. Stir in 1–2 tablespoons of tomato paste and cook for a minute to caramelize it slightly. Add the canned tomatoes with their juices and the bay leaf.
Scrape the bottom of the pot to loosen any browned bits.
Add chickpeas and broth. Stir in the chickpeas and 3 cups of vegetable broth. Bring to a gentle simmer. Reduce heat to low and cook uncovered for 15–20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Add extra broth if you prefer a looser stew.
Taste and adjust. Season with salt and black pepper. If the tomatoes are very acidic, a pinch of sugar can help balance the flavors.
Add greens. Stir in the spinach or kale. Simmer for 2–4 minutes, until the greens wilt and turn vibrant.
Finish bright. Turn off the heat.
Add lemon zest and juice to taste (start with half a lemon, add more if you like). Stir in chopped parsley and a drizzle of olive oil for a silky finish.
Serve. Ladle into bowls and serve with crusty bread, warm pita, or spooned over couscous, rice, or quinoa. Add a dollop of yogurt if you want extra creaminess.