Sauté the aromatics. Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Add onion, bell pepper, and jalapeño. Cook, stirring often, until softened and slightly golden, about 6–8 minutes.
Add garlic and spices. Stir in garlic, cumin, smoked paprika, chipotle or adobo, and oregano. Cook 1 minute until fragrant.
Don’t skip this step—blooming the spices makes a big difference.
Build the base. Add the black beans, vegetable broth, tomato paste, and bay leaf. Stir to dissolve the tomato paste. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce to a simmer.
Simmer to meld flavors. Cover partially and cook 15–20 minutes, stirring a few times.
Taste and season with salt and pepper. The broth should taste bold and a little smoky.
Blend for creaminess. Remove the bay leaf. Use an immersion blender to blend the soup in short bursts until it’s about half smooth, half chunky.
Or transfer 2–3 cups to a blender, puree, and return to the pot.
Finish bright. Stir in lime juice and cilantro. Taste and adjust seasoning—add more lime, salt, or chipotle for heat as needed.
Serve with toppings. Ladle into bowls and top with avocado, a dollop of sour cream or yogurt, green onions, tortilla chips, and a dash of hot sauce. Serve with lime wedges on the side.